Role Of Sport Tourism In Development Tourism Essay Essay Example

Role Of Sport Tourism In Development Tourism Essay Essay Sport touristry is a new construct in the universe holding the most growing in touristry industry. Many of states enjoy an appropriate position with regard to feature touristry and, consequently, lend straight to their nation`s economic prosperity. Hence, the end of this research is comparison and study of touristry directors, involvement directors and tourisms`ideas about creative activity of athletics tourism-induced employment and income in Mazandaran-Iran. The tool of this research is a researcher-made five graduated table likert questionnaire. The questionnaire dependability and the coefficient cogency were confirmed by experient professors and with ( ? = 0.82 ) , respectively.Finally, The information analysis carried out utilizing the SPSS package and ?2 statistic trial. The consequences show that occupation creative activity ( ? 4.360, p- 0.35 ) and income production ( ?2 -1.633, p- 0.80 ) were antecedently at a minimal However, the function of touristry industry development is believed to make occupations ( ?2 9.740, p- 0.04 ) and income ( ?2 5.224,0.51 ) . Compared with other surveies, the present research indicates that future athletics touristry industry influences occupation and income production in the parts hosting the athletics events provided that the athletics touristry industry and its several substructures are well-developed. We will write a custom essay sample on Role Of Sport Tourism In Development Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Role Of Sport Tourism In Development Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Role Of Sport Tourism In Development Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Cardinal word: athletics touristry, touristry economic, income, employment, athletics, touristry, occupation. Introduction Sport touristry is a comparatively new and of all time increasing industry in the touristry industry concentrating on the mark planning in the development states.It is besides believed athletics touristry shall reconstitute the rural and urban communities from societal and economic positions.Seemingly sport touristry shall better the individuals`life quality through tourer attractive force and consequences in the economic public assistance of the local communities ( Swart and Bob 2007 ) .Sport touristry is defined as impermanent motion from one s colony to go through their free clip playing and watching games and so forth ( Preuss et al 2007 ) . Today, athletics and touristry are concerned with the of import economic activities in the developed and developing states ( Swart and Bob 2007 ) .Based upon the universe touristry organisation estimates,43 % of the universe occupations will be associated with touristry industry by 2010.For illustration, from 1997 to 2005, athletics touristry brought about an one-year addition in gross domestic growing ( 1.3 % ) resulted from economic activities with respect to keeping large athletics competitions, and unemployment declined by 1.9 % on one-year footing ( Kasimati and Dawson,2009 ) .Thus, the athletics can considerably act upon sport-based services and merchandises in footings of functional and ocular dimensions.Hence, it is considered as one of the effectual factor extremely influencing national growing and gross in 21th century ( Brown and Nagel,2002 ) . The corresponding surveies indicate that athletics touristry is the most developed sector of touristry industry ( Chalip,2004 ) such that it is regarded as a universe multi-billion trading component bring forthing 4.5 trillion dollars for touristry industry and universe circuit ( Tassiopoulosa and Haydamb,2007 ) . Tourists are a main beginning of income and employment for the population of the hosting part ( Batyk and Ski,2009 ) that is why, the universe metropolitans consider Olympic games as a alone chance for local selling, because a possible economic advantage of being the host of a large athletics event is to pull many witnesss and tourers to the hosting metropolis and accordingly, it shall positive economic effects ( Preuss et al,2007 ) .Most published documents in footings of Olympic games have chiefly focused on its long standing benefits such as new substructures and installations, the cities` Reconstruction, international credibleness, touristry growing, public public assistance betterment, occupation creative activity and local employment chances.Thus, gratuitous to state why in recent old ages, states have tended to host the approaching competitions ( Kasimati,2003 ) .Then, athletics touristry is considered as an effectual tool to cover with poorness and unemployment and increase e conomic growing and societal public assistance of the communities, particularly developing states ( Eftekhari,1999 ) There are two sorts of athletics touristries: the first one employs athletics for the interest of its touristry development advantages, while the other one is the consequence of sport-based activities ( Tassiopoulosa and Haydamb,2007 ) .So the communities should take both types into history ( Daniels,2007 ) so as to optimally take advantage of their positive consequences. Since there are assorted motivations as for engagement in the athletics activities such as competition, diversion and going to watch preliminary or prime competitions or athletics attractive forces ( Tassiopoulosa and Haydamb,2007 ) , natural resources athletics and touristry installations play a important function in pulling tourers to the host metropolis, part or state. In this respect, Kozak studied the factors act uponing athletics tourer trip sing their finish and nationality. His consequences indicated that adjustment, installations, clime, monetary value rate, geographical location of the host part and entree to sea coast were the grounds as for why English tourers had traveled to Malt and Turkey ( Kozak,2005 ) . Mazandaran state is regarded one of the taking touristry centres due to its favourable nature and geographical locations ( Mazandaran_based touristry organization,2008 ) .No uncertainty, touristry is one of the of import sectors in terns of economic development of Mazandaran.This status applies for the communities, particularly Mazandaran, in which persons pursue assorted activities to do money. Since application of local resources to do and heighten income minimizes the dependence upon national resources, such communities shall prevail in the long tally depending on their local resources ( Poudial et al,2008 ) .Given possible resources in Mazandaran like Mazandaran sea, assorted vegetations and zoologies, picturesque mountains, woods and coast, Damavand acme ( 5670m ) , caves, waterfalls, rivers, watering place, springs, lagunas particularly Miankahe peninsular in Behshar,800 well-known monumental and historical musca volitanss like Amol, Chalous, Sari, rivers, lakes bank, musca vol itanss, waterfalls, state Parkss, protected countries and wild life, conserves and natural-national plants, mineral Waterss, . It might a best pick for tourers with assorted motivations. The parts in which athletics and athletic activities is a portion of their civilization can certainly take advantage of domestic and international tourers, addition indigens income and at the same clip, minimise the unemployment and rising prices rate.Here, persons pursue a broad scope of assorted activities to do money ( Tao, 2008 ) .Hence, the present research attempts to happen a answer to this inquiry: to what extent has the athletics touristry influenced the occupation and income creative activity in Mazandaran-Iran. Methodology: The present research is of descriptive-analytical type for which the researcher-made questionnaire conducted based upon the Likert s 5-item graduated table. Its cogency and dependability coefficient confirmed by experient university module professors and Cronbach alpha ( 82 % ) . The statistical population, here, was Mazandaran state. Furthermore, all statistical sample was 3 groups 1 ) .31 tourers 2 ) .12 interested directors 3 ) .12 tourism-cultural heritage organisation directors. The directors were chosen on the footing of their handiness, while the tourers chosen utilizing simple random trying. In add-on, statistics like frequence and per centum every bit good as chi-square applied for statistical descriptions. Findingss: The present survey included 16.4 % adult females and 83.6 % work forces with average age of 31.Also, 30 % and 70 % of them were individual and married, respectively.Additionally, 43.7 % had sheepskin, whereas 56.3 % had higher instruction. Most of our samples were employees whose mean salary ranged from 300-400 dollars. Table 1 presents the frequence distributions of our samples viz. tourers, tourisms-cultural heritage organisation directors and interested directors Table 1 Sample frequence Number Percentage Tourists 31 56.4 Tourism-cultural heritage organisation directors 12 21.8 Interested directors 12 21.8 entire 55 100 Equally far as illative statistics was concerned, all 3 groups disagreed about the thought that investing in touristry and athletics industry had antecedently led to the young person employment in the part based upon the consequence gained from chi-square analysis ( x2 =4.360, p=0.35 ) Figure 1: all 3 groups position points sing occupation creative activity in the part in footings of athletics touristry in the yesteryear. However, the consequences indicated that all 3 groups would hold about the fact that investing in sport touristry in Meandering will surely make occupations ( x2=9.740, p=0.04 ) . Figure 2: all 3 groups position points sing occupation creative activity as a consequence of investing in sport touristry industry in Mazandaran On the other manus, the chi-square analysis consequences as to whether investing in athletics sector ( e.g. wrestle ) would take to occupation creative activity stimulated all 3 groups dissensions ( x2=1.631, p=0.9 ) Figure 3: all 3 groups view point sing occupation creative activity ensuing from investing in athletics sector ( wrestling, for illustration ) in Mazandaran in the old old ages The qi -square consequences as to whether sport touristry development would act upon the peoples income in the hereafter induced all 3 groups understanding ( x2=5.224, p=0.51 ) Besides, the chi-square analysis as to whether athletics ( e.g. wrestle ) had increased the people s income in the yesteryear yielded all 3 groups dissension ( x2=1.663, p=0.89 ) Discussion: The present survey aimed to look into the athletics touristry impact upon occupation and income creative activity in Mazandaran -Iran taking tourers, interested directors and tourism-cultural heritage organisation directors position points into history. These groups position points reflected the fact that occupation creative activity rate in footings of investing in the athletics touristry in Mazandaran had been at lower limit. The research consequences indicated that occupation creative activity based upon investing in local athletics ( e.g. wrestling ) was undistinguished, every bit good. So, it was perchance that the fringy occupation creative activity was associated with deficiency of related installations and substructures. Similarly, a instance survey by Bud and Matson ( 2002 ) showed that the impact of Los angles Olympic games ( 1984 ) and Atlanta Olympic games ( 1996 ) upon unemployment had wholly been impermanent, while the stable status resulted merely when new installations and substructures were economically geared for the undermentioned old ages ( Kasimatia and Dawson,2008 ) .It is notable that athletics touristry is made up from two footings viz. touristry and athletics. So that one should see both elements exhaustively, whereas these two elements have been disregarded in the state. This ground complies with Manson s findings ( 2007 ) reasoning that the host parts should see both athletics res ources and touristry services wholly ( Danilzo,2007 ) .The present survey consequences indicate that the tourers and interested directors point of views sing whether investing in sport touristry would convey about occupation creative activity in Mazandaran differed with those of cultural heritage organisation directors who tended to differ about this fact, whereas both tourers and interested directors would hold about it. The ground for that tourers and cultural heritage directors dissension lies in the fact that they handled athletics touristry as the separate constituent and did nt see sport touristry as a occupation creative activity tool which, now, has outperformed other industries. However, Kazimatia and Dawsons` surveies ( 2007 ) asserted that holding been the host of assorted athletics competitions, Greece would witness a important decrease in unemployment through 1997-2004 during which, on norm, there was 1.88 % one-year decrease in unemployment rate.Similarly, Balfonsa and Sava ( 2002 ) estimated that Olympic games will make 7700 new occupations between 2006-2012 ( Kasimatia and Dawson,2007 ) .Also, the surveies showed that Sidney Olympic games ( 2000 ) would make 5300 occupations in the south Walzder-Australia and 7500 occupations throughout Australia ( Lockstone, Baum 2008 ) . All 3 survey groups in the present survey would hold that touristry industry might positively act upon the people s income in Mazandaran province.The research is besides in conformance with the findings of Shepenger et Al ( 2003 ) , Daniels ( 2007 ) , Collisa et Al ( 2008 ) , Tassiopoulosa and Haydamb ( 2007 ) .In footings of the impact of local athleticss ( e.g wrestling ) in the state upon the indigens income, all 3 groups would nt prefer this thought and related their dissension to deficiency of installations and substructures in the touristry and athletics Fieldss However, the findings of Mason and Mundaya ( 2008 ) .Lockstone and Baum ( 2008 ) indicated that the hosting parts enjoy considerable addition in income due to keeping athletics events Recommendations: 1 ) An betterment and addition in natural and semisynthetic substructure so as to efficaciously pull athletics tourers. 2 ) An investing in presenting Mazandaran state as a alone athletics touristry part. 3 ) An enterprise to incorporate touristry and athletics touristry activities.

Civil Rights of a Fetus - Law, Philosophy and Religion

Civil Rights of a Fetus - Law, Philosophy and Religion The Roe majority ruling of 1973 holds that the government has a legitimate interest in protecting potential human life, but that this does not become a compelling state interestoverriding the womans Fourteenth Amendment right to privacy, and her subsequent right to terminate her pregnancyuntil the point of viability, then assessed at 24 weeks. The Supreme Court did not state that viability is or is not when a fetus becomes a person; just that this is the earliest point at which it can be proven that the fetus has the capacity to have a meaningful life as a person. The Planned Parenthood v. Casey Standard In the Casey ruling of 1992, the Court scaled back the viability standard from 24 weeks to 22 weeks. Casey also holds that the state may protect its profound interest in potential life so long as it does not do so in a way that has the intent or effect of posing an undue burden on the womans right to terminate a pregnancy prior to viability. In Gonzales v. Carhart (2007), the Supreme Court held that a ban on live intact DX (partial birth) abortions does not violate this standard. In Fetal Homicide Statutes Laws that treat the murder of a pregnant woman as a double murder arguably affirm fetal rights in a statutory manner. Because the attacker has no right to terminate the womans pregnancy against her will, it could be argued that the states interest in protecting potential life is unrestricted in cases of fetal homicide. The Supreme Court has not ruled on the matter of whether fetal homicide, on its own, may constitute grounds for capital punishment. Under International Law The only treaty that specifically grants rights to fetuses is the American Convention on Human Rights of 1969, signed by 24 Latin American countries, which states that human beings have rights beginning at the moment of conception. The United States is not a signatory to this treaty. The treaty does not require that signatories ban abortion, according to the most recent binding interpretation. In Philosophy Most philosophies of natural rights would hold that fetuses have rights when they become sentient or self-aware, which presumes a neurophysiological definition of personhood. Self-awareness as we generally understand it would require substantial neocortical development, which seems to occur at or near week 23. In the premodern era, self-awareness was most often presumed to occur at quickening, which generally takes place around the 20th week of pregnancy. In Religion Religious traditions holding that personhood rests in the presence of a non-physical soul differ with respect to the question of when the soul is implanted. Some traditions hold that this occurs at the moment of conception, but most hold that this occurs much later in the pregnancy, at or near quickening. Religious traditions that do not include belief in a soul do not generally tend to define fetal personhood in explicit terms. The Future of Fetal Rights The conundrum posed by abortion rests in the tension between a womans right to terminate her pregnancy and the potential rights of the potential human being. Medical technologies currently under development, such as fetal transplantation and artificial wombs, could one day eliminate this tension, deprecating abortion in favor of procedures that terminate the pregnancy without harming the fetus.

Management practices-The case of global india Research Paper

Management practices-The case of global india - Research Paper Example The paper has examined the role of leaders in the Indian context and has also discussed a few case studies of some leading Indian companies. The findings are presented as a set of conclusions and reveal the gist of how Indian firms are successful and also certain disadvantages they have. The Indian economy has seen a contraction and for February, there was an overall contraction of –1.2% in the GDP for all overall economy. However, it has to be noted that the six core sectors had a growth of 2.2%. It must be reiterated that the Indian economy in the previous months for the 2008 had shown a growth of 7%. Inflation for February 2009 was at a rate of 3.45% and this actually went into a negative inflation of 1.27% in June 2009. The inflation has now climbed back to 1.2%. The fall in GDP has to be seen with the global perspective where the GDP of US, UK and Euro nations went into a recession in the later months of 2007 itself. When compared to these developed economies, the Indian economy has proved much more resilient. While there has been a certain of belt tightening in various industries and sectors, the banking sector has remained strong with no major failures of banks. Even the insurance and automotive sectors have not seen large-scale bankruptcies, job losse s and even frauds. There was one major fraud in the Indian IT industry with Satyam computers, but overall, the Indian industry has not seen frauds and disgraceful exits (FICCI, 2009). The main reason for the Indian economy to be so strong and resilient is that the core sectors have withstood the stresses of the economic recession. While exports form a major source of revenues for the IT industries, the other industries have sufficient internal demand and infrastructure industries such as steel, cement, construction have seen reductions in off take, but not a total closure. As seen in the above table, electricity, capital goods and

Brain Drain from India to the UK Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Brain Drain from India to the UK - Outline Example I cannot fully agree with the negative perspective concerning the brain drain, as one should consider the benefits of labor emigration to the country itself. Relocation of both gifted and incompetent specialists from India has been occurring subsequent to the nineteenth century. In the mid-1800s, after the nullification of subjugation, the British delivered Indian workers to its provinces to work in manors (Upadhya, 2013). Streams to the UK topped in 1968 when confinements were at last situated setup. The numbers diminished from the top of 23,000 for every year to 5000 for each year (Raveesh, 2013). Truly, Indians left because of better financial open door abroad. This is most likely still one of the fundamental reasons why Indians leave today. However, numerous variables add to the Indian departure. Understanding these elements will help policymakers enhance conditions to urge Indians to return or to stay in any case. A number of medical understudies in India select to study abroad due to increasing expenses and constrained limit at their open organizations (Raveesh, 2013). The therapeutic cerebrum deplete in India not just decreases the number of specialists accessible for consideration, however, it likewise evacuates the individuals expected to push for health awareness changes (Hawkes, Kolenko, Shockness & Diwaker, 2009). Indian understudies traveling to another country for their higher studies costs India a remote trade outpouring of $10 billion yearly (Prakash, 2012). A great many Indian researchers, specialists, engineers and other qualified persons have moved and are staying in different nations. In total terms, India is among the nations, which lose most exceptionally talented laborers to outside business sectors (Prakash, 2012).

Nazi and Vatican Relations during WWII Essay Example for Free

Nazi and Vatican Relations during WWII Essay How was Vatican’s relationship with the Nazi Germany during the War? The seat of the Roman Catholicism lies in the Vatican City- state with the Pope as the head of state and Supreme Pontiff of the Catholic Church. As a religious institution the Vatican has internationally been recognized as a powerful and independent diplomatic service capable of forging agreements for peace in behalf of the entire Catholic congregation. In the last twenty years during the reign of Pope John Paul II, the Vatican had aggressively been active in an international promotion of peace thereby denouncing war and hostilities. It’s involvement in international politics had been questioned as the historical sins of the Roman Catholic Church in the past centuries were brought to light. Presently, the Vatican is also heaped with blame for allowing WWII atrocities to befall on the Jewish community during the Holocaust. As the leader is the Catholic Church, the Vatican is supposedly a champion of humanitarian service. Yet it has received much criticism that leads us to question the Vatican’s relationship with Nazi Germany during WWII through a genuine look into the positions taken and deeds committed by the Vatican and its officials. In 1933, the Vatican forged an alliance with Nazi Germany through a Concordat signed and administered by Nazi Vice Chancellor von Papen and Vatican’s Cardinal Pacelli who later became Pope Pius XII according to Conway (2001:17). This treaty authorized the papacy to impose new church law on German Catholics at the same time granting generous privileges to Catholic schools and the clergy Langmuir (1998:9). According to Hen, the church sees this as an effort to curb the expansion of Protestantism in Germany and to secure civil guarantees for the Catholic institutions and their activities (2000: 139). Cardinal Pacelli had already arranged concordats with other individual German states and negotiating a concordat with the Reich’s new government could aid the Catholic Church’s effort to prevent the spread of communism using Nazi as its bulwark in Alvarez and Graham (1997:13). Hen also added that the appeasement treaty asserted to give financial support to the church’s schools and make Catholic religious education available in the public schools by instructors approved by the bishops, was the Church’s reason for a concordat (2001: 41). Catholic priests and leaders who were once vocal in denouncing the Nazi movement took the signing of the treaty as an indication that the Roman Catholic Church had softened their opposition to socialism while some political commentators, journalists and historians believed that this event was a manifestation of Pope Pius XI’s and Cardinal Pacelli’s underlying motives in Langmuir(1998:9). Hitler and the Nazi Party interpreted the concordat’s ratification to mean that they had won the church’s approval thereby allowing them the needed recognition in international politics and showing the world that the German Chancellor was politically reliable and trustworthy in Kick (2002:7). Likewise the Nazi Party relied on the Concordat policy to rise unopposed by the most powerful religious community in the world (Alvarez, 1997: 49). Hitler’s power over churches advanced as he placed the church under administrative control while obligating German bishops to the Nazi state by endorsing Nazism as a positive Christianity in Hen (2002: 165). With the Catholic Church’s withdrawal from social and political action, the concordat policy allowed the most disturbing extermination of the Jews carried out by the Nazi party in Europe in predominantly Catholic region according to Phayer (2000:xiii). The Nazi anti-Semitic values were then fanned throughout Europe as the German Catholic Church movement was subdued by the appeasement terms in the Concordat that Hitler do not wish to honor according to Conway (2001:68). Pius XI underestimated Hitler’s influence with the belief that Germany would honor the appeasement treaties cited in the concordat and started condemning Nazism. Pope Pius XI died in 1939, just a few hours before he could deliver a blunt message condemning Nazism amidst rumors of murder according to Murphy and Arlington (1983:195). Cardinal Pacelli assumed as Pope Pius XII and removed Pius XI’s prior ban on Action Francaise which was an anti-Semitic organization according to Friedlander (1996:223). Pius XII failed to condemn the wave of atrocities committed by the Nazi against the Jews marked the extermination of European Jews after being hunted like animals, robbed of their possessions, homes and loved ones, subjected to physical and mental torture, summarily executed and killed according to Langmuir (1998:8). In 1941, Pope Pius XII reiterated his stand of remaining neutral when consistently asked by US delegates according to Friedlander (1997: 226). Vatican could never feign ignorance on the massacre of the Jews as it had it own diplomatic corps and representatives in many European countries through a papal nunciate (Hen, 2002:165). It was only in late 1942 when Pius XII spoke out against the Nazi while refusing to publicly denounce violence against the Jews. His silence without emitting a condemnation against Hitler’s military aggression is a source of dispute which the church cannot claim ignorance to justify their silence. Conclusion It should be remembered that the Vatican’s interest which lie foremost in the foreign policy of the concordat in 1933 to protect its properties and interests in Germany. Pius XII as Vatican’s Secretary of State harbored fears of loosing the same privileges during the war which served as the background for non-intervention in Nazi affairs. Pius’s self-serving perspective goes beyond moral ascendancy that lies against the teachings of the church as it maintained a modicum of silence while Jews were exterminated en masse. Any condemnation against the atrocities would have carried great weight and would serve as a catalyst for the international committee to act for humanitarian reasons. Works Cited Alvarez,David and Graham, Robert. Nothing Sacred: Nazi Espionage against the Vatican, 1939-1945. Routledge,1997. Conway, J. S. The Nazi Persecution of the Churches, 1933-1945. Regent College,2001. Hen, Chiang. Two Thousand Years with the Word.Institute for Christianity, 2000. Langmuir, Gavin L. Frankel, Jonathan. The Fate of the European Jews, 1939-1945: Continuity or Contingency? (ed. ) Oxford University Press, 1998. Kick, Russell. Everything you know is wrong: The Disinformation Guide to secrets and lies. The Disinformation Company, 2002. Murphy, Paul and Arlington,Rene. La Popessa. New York: Warner Books Inc, 1983. Friedlander, Saul. Nazi Germany and the Jews: The Years of Persecution. New York: HarperCollins, 1997. Phayer, Michael. The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930-1965. Bloomington: Indiana University, 2000.

Culture and Ideology in the Movie, Seven Essay -- Movie Film Essays

Culture and Ideology in the Movie, Seven Samurai Many directors use their films as a means of glorifying, criticizing, or simply depicting, a particular ideological system. These ideologies are especially visible in foreign films, as the viewer is forced to assess the film from outside his or her culture and ideology, and consider the film in its proper context. Director Akira Kurosawa’s Japanese film Seven Samurai allows the viewer to understand several important aspects of Japanese culture and ideology. First, the film depicts the Japanese social class structure and its acceptance by the masses. Seven Samurai also reveals the pride of the Japanese, as well as the utilitarian, collectivist nature of their society. As one of the farmers explains early in the film, farmers are born to suffer, it is their lot in life. This illustrates the Japanese class system, and the lack of upward mobility in it. The characters in the film all accept their place in the class structure, however low, and do nothing to change it. Although the farmers enlist the help of samurai to defend their v...

Reggae Music and Its Influences Essay

One of the world’s iconic figures, Reggae musician Bob Marley(1945-1981) stated that, â€Å"People want to listen to a message, word from Jah(God). This could be passed through me or anybody, I am not a leader, messenger. The word of the songs, not the person, is what attracts people.† Reggae music is gifted to people in Jamaica as their own unique identity. Jamaican musicians are well-known for expressing their Rastafarian beliefs through the music, Reggae. Rastafarian reflects ideologies, attitudes, actions of the people for the better society (Spiker,1998). At this point, they became social commentators, prophets, and messengers who heal the wounds of people affected by social and political injustices (Aimers, 2004).This essay illustrates that reggae music has been successful spreading Rastafarian beliefs in politics, social injustices and cultures. Firstly, Jamaican musicians play essential roles to give the political messages to people based on their Rastafarian beliefs. The political messages shared through the Reggae music are those of peace, love, and brotherhood of mankind for forming a unity to fight for the liberty of people in Jamaica. Musicians gave the message by setting several goals based on general popular interest of the population against any oppression and encouraged people to speak-up. For instance, Bob Marley(1945-1981); the predominant singer strived to bring the awareness for not only in the hearts of Jamaicans, but also in those of Africans and the rest of the world (Abram & Ingrid, 2009). One of his popular songs, â€Å"Get up, and Stand up for your rights† not only defended his religious beliefs but also pointed at political oppression and natural rights of people (Lockard, n.d). Following lyrics is from the song by Bob Marley (1973): We sick an’ tired of-a-your ism-skism-game Dying ‘n’ goin’ to heaven in-a Jesus’ name, Lord. We know when we understand: Almighty god is a living man. You can fool some people sometimes, But you can fool all the people all the time. So now we see the light (What you gonna do?) We gonna stand up for our rights! (Bob Marley Lyrics) Thus, one can conclude that reggae and its musicians are influential as a medium for spreading political messages to enlighten the darkness of people’s mind and brain.   Secondly, People all around the world heard the voice of Rastafarian beliefs against social injustices through the reggae music and by its talented musicians. Their songs’ lyrics were mightier than swords to reveal such issues as racism, colonialism, slavery, and exploitation on colored people in Africa. Rastafarians are attached to the ideas of equality, tolerance, justice, and non-violence. In addition, it is a theology of submissiveness and every Rasta has a right to freedom of expression (Abram & Ingrid, 2009). Particularly, slavery had affected most of Africans’ lives badly for being taken away from one own society and family which could have damaged them physically and psychologically by segregations and hard labors (Novick, n.d). For example, Reggae musician, Peter Tosh(1944-1987)’s famous song â€Å"Mama Africa†(1983)indicated the life of an African slave missing home: Mama Africa How are you doing Mama, Mama Africa Long time me no see you Mama They took me away from you Mama Long before I was born They took me away from you Mama Long before I came on in(Peter Tosh Lyrics) Hence, the reggae music and its musicians had not only led people in Jamaica for Rastafarian beliefs and for fighting against the social injustices but also Africans as a whole for the better survival. Lastly, the Rastafari influence also had contributed to the cultural significance of reggae music and culture of people; it was a symbol for both identity and pride among the Jamaicans. It has also created an understanding of lifestyle and culture in Jamaica for the rest of the world (Aimers, 2004). The reggae music and Rastafarian complemented one another to occupy people’s state of mind to think of it as a part of the Jamaican lifestyle, needless to mention that it has become a tradition and culture for them. In spite of all the difficulties and hardships which came upon people in Jamaica, they had been recognized internationally for their predominant reggae music all over the world. The culture of reggae along with Rastafarian symbols was being introduced to many countries. Reggae musicians’ hair-styles, clothing and accessories which mirror the Rastafari are being imitated by some devoted fans. For example, Thailand’s Khao-San road is full of Rastafarian symbols and its trendy musician, Bob Marley printed-items from head to toe. Therefore, Reggae music and its Rastafarian symbols have enormously impacted on cultures of many different countries, originated from Jamaica. In conclusion, there are many studies which has discussed about the importance of reggae music spreading Rastafarian beliefs and symbols throughout the world. Reggae music has been positively influential to the society by means of political, social, and cultural impacts. In addition, it has not only brought the liberty to people in Jamaica but also mother Africa. Therefore, it is remarkable peak in history that peaceful and non-violent music won over the aggressive wars, fights, and any kind of violence. In fact, peaceful as well as meaningful song lyrics are mightier than sharp and shining swords. References; Aimers, J. (2004). â€Å"The Cultural Significance of Reggae.† ATH175 People of the world. Retrieved from; http://www.units.muohio.edu/ath175/student/petersle/culture.html Abram, V. & Ingrid, H. (October, 2009). â€Å"The Rastafarian Movement.† The Observatory for Religious Phenomena (World Religion Watch). Retrieved from http://www.worldreligionwatch.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=281&Itemid=65 Lockard, Craig A. (June, 2010). â€Å"Bob Marley, Victor Jara, Fela Kuti, and Political Popular Music.†University of Illinois. Retrieved from; http://worldhistoryconnected.press.illinois.edu/7.2/lockard.html Novixk, S. (n.d). â€Å"The Effects of Slavery on Reggae Music.† The Dread Library. Retrieved from; http://debate.uvm.edu/dreadlibrary/novick.html Spiker, C. (April 1998). â€Å"Reggae As Social Change:The Spread of Rastafarianism.† The Dread Library. Retrieved from; http://debate.uvm.edu/dreadlibrary/spiker.html